Zifukwa 5 Zifukwa Zopangira Mabotolo Akuluakulu Opindika Kupambana Mabokosi Achikhalidwe Pa Magalimoto

Chiyambi

Kulowa kwa magalimoto m'galimoto kumadalira kusuntha zinthu zambirimbiri nthawi yochepa, malo ochepa pansi, komanso kukakamizidwa kwa ndalama nthawi zonse. M'malo amenewo, kulongedza sikungokhala kusankha chidebe chokha koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuyenda bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mbali imodzi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka, komanso ndalama zobweza. Zidebe zazikulu zopindika zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa zimathetsa zofooka zingapo za mabokosi achikhalidwe nthawi imodzi, makamaka m'makina akuluakulu, ogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zifukwa zisanu zothandiza zomwe zimaposa kulongedza kolimba, kuyambira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma cube ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira mpaka kusintha kwa miyezo ndi kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa ogulitsa, nyumba zosungiramo katundu, ndi mafakitale osonkhanitsira.

Chifukwa chiyani zotengera zazikulu zopindika zikusinthiratu kayendedwe ka magalimoto olowera

Magulu ogulitsa magalimoto ndi amodzi mwa maukonde ovuta kwambiri komanso okonzedwa bwino kwambiri pamakampani opanga padziko lonse lapansi. Galimoto imodzi ya injini yoyaka mkati imakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pafupifupi 30,000, pomwe magalimoto amagetsi amakono amakhalabe ndi zinthu pafupifupi 15,000 mpaka 20,000. Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa zinthuzi kuchokera kwa ogulitsa a Tier 1, Tier 2, ndi Tier 3 kupita ku mizere yolumikizira ya Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) kumafuna njira zopakira zomwe zimayika patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito malo, kuteteza mbali, komanso liwiro losintha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampaniwa awona kusintha kwakukulu kuchoka pakupanga zinthu zolemera komanso zosasinthika kupita ku mayankho opangidwa mwaluso, ogwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu zambirizi, okonza mapulani a zinthu akusiya kwambiri mabokosi olimba achikhalidwe komanso zoyikapo zitsulo. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwa zotengera zazikulu zopindika zamagalimoto Makina ayamba ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezerera kuyenda kwa zinthu zambirizi. Mwa kulola kuti mapaketi opanda kanthu agwere pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwake koyambirira, zotengera zamakonozi zimayang'ana mwachindunji zovuta za malo ndi zachuma zomwe zakhala zikuvutitsa magalimoto omwe amalowa m'magalimoto.

Kupanikizika kwa mtengo, magwiridwe antchito a mbali ya mzere, ndi kukhazikika kwa ma phukusi

Mu gawo la magalimoto lomwe limapikisana kwambiri, ndalama zoyendetsera zinthu zimayimira kupsinjika kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri zimayimira 4% mpaka 8% ya ndalama zonse zopangira magalimoto. Kutumiza zotengera zopanda kanthu komanso zolimba kubwerera kwa ogulitsa ndi ntchito yosawonjezera phindu yomwe imawononga ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera katundu. Zotengera zazikulu zopindika zimalimbana mwachindunji ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino kumeneku mwa kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa katundu wobwerera. Pamene oyang'anira zoyendetsera zinthu amatha kuyika zotengera zogwera katatu kapena kanayi pagalimoto yobwerera poyerekeza ndi zotengera zolimba, mtengo woyendera pa njinga iliyonse umatsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bajeti yogwirira ntchito ikhale yochepa.

Kupatula kuchepetsa katundu, ziwiya zimenezi zimayendetsa bwino ntchito ya mbali imodzi ya fakitale yopangira zinthu. Kupanga magalimoto amakono kumadalira kwambiri njira zotumizira za Just-In-Time (JIT) ndi Just-In-Sequence (JIS), komwe malo pansi pa fakitale amagawidwa bwino kwambiri. Ziwiya zokulungika zokhazikika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi kukula kwa malo monga 1200x1000mm kapena 1200x800mm, zimalola magalimoto oyendetsedwa okha (AGVs) ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mbali imodzi kuti agwire zinthu molunjika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika muyezo mu unyolo wonse woperekera katundu kumachotsa kufunika kolongedzanso kapena kusamutsa ziwalo kuchokera m'mabokosi ogulitsa kupita ku ziwiya zamkati mwa fakitale, kusunga maola ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zigawo panthawi yotumiza.

Zinthu zopweteka zomwe ziwiya zachikhalidwe sizingathe kuthetsa

Mabotolo akale, monga ma racks achitsulo olumikizidwa, ma bin apulasitiki olimba, ndi mabokosi amatabwa ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, amachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto ambiri mu unyolo woperekera magalimoto. Vuto lodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi chiŵerengero chawo chobwerera cha 1:1. Botolo lolimba likangotayidwa pamzere wolumikizira, limakhala ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa ma cubic voliyumu pagalimoto yobwerera monga momwe limakhalira likadzaza. Izi zimapangitsa makampani opanga magalimoto kulipira mitengo yapamwamba yotumizira mpweya wopanda kanthu kwa ogulitsa awo, zomwe zikuwonjezera kusowa kwa oyendetsa magalimoto komanso kutulutsa mpweya woipa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma CD achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda mawonekedwe abwino komanso oteteza omwe amafunikira malinga ndi miyezo yamakono yopangira. Ma racks achitsulo cholemera amatha kulemera makilogalamu opitilira 100 opanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu azikumana ndi mavuto komanso kupsinjika kwabwino. Mabokosi amatabwa amapanga fumbi, zipolopolo, ndi misomali yosasunthika yomwe ingadetse zinthu zobisika zamagalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zomwe zimasokoneza kuyenda kwa zinthu zopanda mafuta. Mapulasitiki okhazikika achikhalidwe, ngakhale kuti ndi oyera kuposa matabwa, amatha kusweka akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi forklift ndipo sangakonzedwe mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atayidwe msanga ndi kusinthidwa.

Kodi n’chiyani chimatanthauzira makina osungiramo zinthu zambiri opindika magalimoto

Dongosolo la chidebe chokulungika Si bokosi la pulasitiki lokha; ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chipirire zovuta za unyolo wopereka katundu wa mafakitale. Mu gawo la magalimoto, machitidwe awa ali ofanana kwambiri kuti agwirizane bwino ndi machitidwe osungira ndi kubweza magalimoto okha (AS/RS), zida zokhazikika za forklift, ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma robotic. Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo laukadaulo la machitidwe awa ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mainjiniya okonza zinthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yogula magalimoto.

Machitidwewa amadziwika ndi makoma awo olumikizana, omwe amamangiriridwa ku maziko olimba a pallet kudzera m'ma hinges olemera. Pamene chidebecho chilibe kanthu, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kumasula zingwe zapadera kuti apinde makoma mopingasa ndi maziko. Kusinthaku kumasintha chidebe cha katundu chambiri kukhala pallet yotsika, kutsegula magwiridwe antchito azinthu zomwe zimapanga unyolo wamakono woperekera magalimoto.

Mafotokozedwe ofunikira a kapangidwe ka magalimoto

Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto kumafuna njira zokhwima zokonzera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi otetezeka, olimba, komanso kuti zigwirizane. Chidebe chokulungika cha magalimoto nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi malo okwana 1200x1000mm, chokhala ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 975mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamkati ikhale pafupifupi malita 840. Kuchokera pamalingaliro onyamula katundu, zidebezi zimapangidwa kuti zigwire ntchito zonyamula katundu (paulendo) kuyambira 500 kg mpaka 900 kg, ndi katundu wosasinthasintha (akamayikidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu) wokwana 3000 kg. Chiŵerengero champhamvu kwambiri ichi chimapezeka kudzera mu ribbing yomangidwa ndi ma polima osakanikirana bwino.

Ergonomics ndi kupezeka kwa magawo ndi zofunika kwambiri. Magalimoto ambiri ali ndi zitseko zolowera (zitseko zolowera) mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri. Zitseko izi zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito mbali imodzi kuti afike pansi pa chidebe popanda kuphwanya malire olowera, omwe amalamula kuti ogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kupindika kupitirira malire a 40cm kuti atenge zinthu zolemera. Kuphatikiza apo, kulemera kwa chidebecho kumayendetsedwa mosamala; mitundu yapamwamba yopindika yopangidwa ndi polyethylene yapamwamba (HDPE) nthawi zambiri imalemera pakati pa 40 kg ndi 55 kg, kuonetsetsa kuti imatha kusinthidwa mosamala ndi ogwira ntchito akakhala opanda kanthu.

Zidebe zokulirapo zopindika poyerekeza ndi mabokosi achikhalidwe

Kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa zotengera zazikulu zopindika ndi mabokosi olimba achikhalidwe n'koonekeratu, makamaka pofufuza mtengo wa moyo ndi momwe malo amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ngakhale mabokosi olimba amapereka kapangidwe kosavuta, kokhala ndi chidutswa chimodzi popanda ziwalo zosuntha, amalephera kusintha momwe maunyolo opangira zinthu amakhalira. Mabokosi opindika amabweretsa ma hinge ndi ma latch, omwe amafunikira kulekerera kolimba kwa kupanga koma amapereka phindu lalikulu pakusunga malo.

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera poyerekezera, ubwino waukulu wa makina opindika ndi chiŵerengero chake chobwerera chopanda kanthu. Bokosi lolimba limasunga kutalika kwake kwa 975mm kosatha, pomwe chidebe chopindika chimagwa mpaka 320mm mpaka 340mm. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumalola opereka chithandizo cha zinthu kuyika zidebe zosweka mozama, kusintha momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito posungira zinthu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu.

Pamene mabokosi achikhalidwe akadali omveka

Ngakhale kuti pali ubwino waukulu wa makina opindika, pali malo enaake a magalimoto komwe mabokosi achikhalidwe kapena ma racks apadera achitsulo akadali njira yabwino kwambiri. Kupatula kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kunyamula zinthu zolemera kwambiri, zosaoneka bwino, kapena zofewa kwambiri zomwe zimapitirira malire a kapangidwe ka zotengera zapulasitiki zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, mainjini oyaka mkati omwe amamangidwa mokwanira, mafelemu a chassis osaphika, ndi mapanelo akuluakulu a thupi nthawi zambiri amafunikira ma racks achitsulo opangidwa mwapadera okhala ndi dunnage yapadera kuti apewe kusuntha panthawi yoyenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotengera zokhazikika zachikhalidwe zingakhalebe zothandiza pazachuma m'malo ambiri ogulitsa zinthu. Ngati wogulitsa wa Tier 1 ali pafupi ndi fakitale yopangira zinthu ya OEM—yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa malo olumikizirana ogulitsa komwe mtunda woyendera uli wochepera makilomita 5—ndalama zosungira zoyendera zomwe zimapangidwa popinda zotengera sizingachepetse nthawi yogwirira ntchito yomwe imafunika kuti zigwe ndikuyimika. Mu zingwe zazifupi kwambiri izi, kuphweka kwa chidebe cholimba nthawi zina kungapangitse kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zochepa.

Chifukwa chiyani zotengera zazikulu zopindika zimapambana ma phukusi achikhalidwe

Kusintha kuchoka pa ma phukusi akale kupita ku machitidwe apamwamba obwezerezedwanso kumayendetsedwa ndi ziwerengero zoyezera magwiridwe antchito mu unyolo wonse woperekera. Zidebe zazikulu zopindika nthawi zonse amachita bwino kuposa anzawo akale m'magulu onse oyezeka, kuyambira ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa mwachindunji mpaka kuwononga chilengedwe. Mwa kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zinyalala zapakhomo, machitidwewa amapereka phindu lalikulu pa ndalama zomwe zayikidwa.

Kuti amvetse chifukwa chake izi zimachitika bwino, okonza mapulani a zinthu ayenera kuyang'ana kupitirira mtengo wogulira katunduyo poyamba. Mtengo weniweni wa phukusi lopindika umapezeka pazaka zambiri, kudzera mu kusunga ndalama zonyamula katundu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa katundu, nthawi yogwirira ntchito mwachangu, komanso kugwirizana ndi malamulo okhazikika a kampani.

Ndalama zochepa zoyendera ndi zosungira

Ubwino waukulu wa ziwiya zokulungidwa zomwe zimapindidwa uli pakuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendera ndi kusungiramo katundu. Mu kayendedwe ka zinthu ku North America, ngolo yokhazikika ya mamita 53 imatha kusunga mapazi 26 a pallet pansi. Ngati ziwiya zolimba zayikidwa m'mizere itatu kutalika, ngoloyo imafika pamlingo wake waukulu pa ziwiya 78 zonse. Kuletsa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti OEM iyenera kutumiza galimoto imodzi pa ziwiya 78 zilizonse zopanda kanthu zomwe zabwezedwa kwa wogulitsa.

Mabotolo akuluakulu opindidwa amasintha kwambiri masamuwa. Akagwa mpaka kutalika kwa 320mm, mabanki awa amatha kuikidwa m'malo okwana asanu ndi anayi mkati mwa ngolo imodzi. Chifukwa chake, ngolo imodzi ya mamita 53 imatha kunyamula mabanki opindidwa okwana 234. Chiŵerengero cha 3-to-1 ichi chimachotsa bwino magalimoto awiri mwa atatu aliwonse obwerera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu wotuluka asungidwe ndi 60% mpaka 70%.

Ndalama zosungiramo zinthu zimachepetsedwa mofananamo. Malo osungiramo zinthu m'mafakitale okonzera magalimoto amagulitsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitirira $10 pa sikweya mita pachaka. Mwa kugwetsa zinthu zopanda kanthu, mafakitale amatha kubweza mpaka 75% ya malo omwe kale anali ogwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zinthu zopanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo amtengo wapataliwo agwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zinthu zopindulitsa.

Chitetezo chabwino cha magawo ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino

Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo, zotengera zazikulu zopindika zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pazigawo, zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zinyalala ndi kukonzanso. Zigawo zamagalimoto, makamaka zamagetsi, mapanelo amkati opangidwa ndi jakisoni, ndi zida zoyendetsera makina, zimakhala zosavuta kugwidwa ndi fumbi, chinyezi, komanso kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka. Zotengera zopindika zimakhala ndi makoma osalala amkati ndi zivindikiro zolimba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chotetezeka. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi nsalu zopangidwa mwamakonda kapena mathireyi opangidwa ndi thermoformed, zotengerazi zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe ndi 15% poyerekeza ndi mabasiketi otseguka a waya kapena mabokosi amatabwa.

Kugwira bwino ntchito kwawonjezekanso kwambiri. Kuphatikiza zitseko zotsika kumathandiza ogwira ntchito kutulutsa zinthu zolemera mosatekeseka popanda kutsamira pa makoma ataliatali a chidebe cholimba, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuvulala kwa minofu ndi mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko okhazikika a zidebe zopindika ali ndi njira zinayi zolowera ndi ma forklift ndi m'mbali zopindika, kuonetsetsa kuti zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma conveyor odziyimira pawokha komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe ogwira ntchito zogwirira ntchito amafunikira kuti akweze ndikutsitsa katundu m'magalimoto.

Thandizo pa zolinga zokhazikika komanso kugwiritsanso ntchito

Makampani opanga magalimoto ali pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kwa malamulo ndi ogula kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndipo kulongedza katundu kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi. Mabotolo akuluakulu opindika amathandizira kwambiri zolinga zokhazikika zamakampani ndikugwiritsanso ntchito. Zopangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) kapena Polypropylene (PP) yobwezeretsedwanso yomwe siinali yopangidwanso kapena yapamwamba kwambiri, mabotolo awa amakhala ndi moyo wazaka 5 mpaka 7, ndipo amakhalabe ndi moyo wazaka mazana ambiri.

Mosiyana ndi makatoni kapena mapaleti amatabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha omwe amathera m'malo otayira zinyalala, ziwiya zapulasitiki zopindika zimagwira ntchito mozungulira. Pamapeto pake, ziwiya zowonongeka zimatha kuphwanyidwa, kusungunuka, ndikuziyika mu ziwiya zatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibwezeretsedwenso 100%. Kuphatikiza apo, pochotsa 60% mpaka 70% ya maulendo obwerera, kuyika ziwiya zopindika kumachepetsa mwachindunji kutulutsa kwa Scope 3 carbon dioxide (CO2) pa netiweki yoyendetsera zinthu, kuthandiza OEMs kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo zolimba za ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance).

Momwe ogulitsa magalimoto ayenera kuwunikira kufunafuna ndi kutumiza

Kusintha unyolo wogulira magalimoto kuchoka pa kulongedza kwachikhalidwe kupita ku gulu la zotengera zokulungika ndi ntchito yofunika ndalama zambiri yomwe imafuna kukonzekera mosamala. Kupambana kwa kutulutsidwaku kumadalira kwambiri kusankha mnzanu woyenera wopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikitsira pang'onopang'ono yomwe imachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kupanga komwe kukuchitika.

Ogulitsa magalimoto ndi makampani opanga magalimoto ayenera kuwunika makina okonzera magalimoto omwe angakhalepo osati pamtengo wa galimoto yokha, komanso pa kapangidwe kake, chithandizo cha uinjiniya, komanso kuyanjana kwa unyolo woperekera katundu. Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kungayambitse kusowa kwa ma CD, kuyimitsidwa kwa mizere, komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwunika koyenera kukhale kofunika kwambiri.

Kuyenerera kwa ogulitsa ndi chithandizo cha uinjiniya

Kuwunika wopanga zidebe kumayamba ndi kuwunika luso lawo la uinjiniya ndi ziphaso zaubwino. Ogulitsa ayenera kukhala ndi ziphaso za ISO 9001 ndi ISO 14001, osachepera. Popeza zidebe zamagalimoto ziyenera kupirira katundu wovuta kwambiri, wopanga ayenera kukhala ndi luso lopanga jekeseni lolemera, nthawi zambiri amafunikira makina akuluakulu opangira jekeseni okwana matani 3000 mpaka 4000 kuti apange maziko akuluakulu, okhala ndi makoma ndi zidutswa imodzi popanda malo ofooka.

Chithandizo cha uinjiniya n'chofunikanso. Woperekayo ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira choyesa, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za ASTM D642 (kukana kupanikizika) ndi ASTM D880 (kuyesa zotsatira). Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe abwino kwambiri opakira zinthu amapereka kapangidwe ka dunnage mkati mwa nyumba, kuonetsetsa kuti zophimba zamkati zoteteza zikugwirizana bwino ndi miyeso yamkati ya chidebe chopindika, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magawo pomwe akuletsa kukhudzana kwa chigawo ndi chigawo panthawi yoyendera.

Njira zokhazikitsira kusintha

Kukhazikitsa sikuyenera kuchitika mwadzidzidzi, mozungulira dongosolo lonse. Njira yomwe ikulangizidwa ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira ndi pulogalamu yoyesera pa msewu woyendetsedwa bwino komanso wodzaza ndi zinthu. Woyendetsa ndege wamba amatha masiku 60 mpaka 90, zomwe zimathandiza magulu oyendetsa zinthu kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni yobwerera, kutsimikizira ndalama zosungidwa, ndikusonkhanitsa mayankho kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito kumbali yolumikizana ndi ergonomics ndi kasamalidwe.

Mu gawoli, kuwerengera kukula koyenera kwa magalimoto ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupewe kutha kwa katundu m'makontena. Njira yodziwika bwino yowerengera kukula kwa magalimoto ndi iyi: Kukula kwa Magalimoto = (Nthawi Yozungulira Masiku x Kuchuluka kwa Gawo la Tsiku ndi Tsiku) + Buffer. Mu gawo la magalimoto, buffer ya 10% mpaka 15% ndi njira yodziwika bwino yowerengera kuchedwa kosapeŵeka, zosowa zokonza, ndi zovuta zoyendera. Njira yoyendetsera ndege ikapambana ndipo masamu a magalimoto atsimikizika, kufalikira kwa magalimoto kumatha kukulitsidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana kwa ogulitsa ena a Tier 1.

Kuwunikanso zoopsa zogwirira ntchito ndi kutsatira malamulo

Kutsatira miyezo ya makampani opanga magalimoto sikungakambirane. Makontena ayenera kugwirizana ndi malangizo a kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe am'deralo monga Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) ku North America kapena Odette ku Europe. Kulephera kutsatira miyezo imeneyi kungapangitse kuti makontena akanidwe ndi makina osungiramo zinthu odziyimira pawokha kapena kulephera kusungidwa bwino ndi magalimoto akale omwe alipo kale.

Kuwunikanso zoopsa zogwirira ntchito kuyeneranso kuthana ndi vuto la kutayika kwa ziwiya. Chiwopsezo chofala m'maukonde ophatikizidwa kapena obwezeredwa ndi "kuchepa," komwe ziwiya zimatayika, kusungidwa, kapena kubedwa, zomwe m'mbuyomu zinali pafupifupi 5% pachaka cha kutayika kwa katundu wosatsatiridwa. Njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zimachepetsa izi mwa kuyika ma RFID tag kapena ma IoT tracking node mwachindunji m'makoma apulasitiki panthawi yopanga. Mwa kutsatira mwachangu zombo, OEMs amatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa pachaka kufika pa 1%, kuteteza ndalama zawo zazikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.

Momwe mungasankhire ngati ndalama zomwe mwayikazo zili zoyenera

Pamapeto pake, chisankho chokonzanso netiweki ya zinthu chimadalira zifukwa zomveka bwino zachuma. Chonyamulira Chachikulu Chonyamula Katundu Dongosololi limafuna ndalama zambiri zogulira pasadakhale, chifukwa mapulasitiki opindika opangidwa ndi akatswiri ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba woyambira kuposa mabokosi amatabwa wamba kapena zitini zosavuta zolimba.

Komabe, akawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), phindu la ndalama nthawi zambiri limaposa ndalama zoyambira. Mwa kutsanzira njira zenizeni zoyendetsera zinthu, kuchuluka kwa magawo, ndi mitengo yonyamula katundu, oyang'anira unyolo wogulitsa akhoza kupanga bizinesi yosangalatsa, yoyendetsedwa ndi deta kuti isinthe.

Momwe mungawerengere kubweza potengera msewu ndi njinga

Kuwerengera nthawi yobwezera ndalama kumafuna kusiyanitsa mtengo wa kayendedwe kamodzi ka zinthu. Taganizirani za chochitika chomwe OEM ikugwiritsa ntchito msewu wa makilomita 300. Chidebe cholimba chachitsulo kapena pulasitiki chingagule $150, pomwe chidebe cholimba chopindika chimagule $220. Ngati katundu wotuluka wa chidebe chopanda kanthu cha mamita 53 chimadula $1,200, kubweza zidebe 78 zolimba kumadula pafupifupi $15.38 pa chidebe chilichonse. Kubweza zidebe 234 zopindika mu chidebe chomwecho kumadula $5.12 pa chidebe chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu asungidwe mwachindunji ndi $10.26 paulendo uliwonse.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi, mtengo wa $70 wa chidebe chopindidwa umabwezedwanso maulendo pafupifupi 7. Poganizira ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimasungidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zosowa zosungira, kuchepa kwa zinthu zowonongeka, komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, nthawi yobwezera yanthawi zonse ya zidebe zopindidwa zamagalimoto zomwe zili pamtunda wopitilira makilomita 200 nthawi zonse imakhala pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 18. Nthawi yobwezera ikakwaniritsidwa, ndalama zomwe zikusungidwa nthawi zonse zimatsika mwachindunji pamtengo wa kampaniyo kwa zaka 5 mpaka 7 zotsala za chidebecho.

Malangizo a zisankho kwa OEMs ndi ogulitsa a Tier

Kwa ogulitsa a OEM ndi a Tier, chisankho choyika ndalama chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malire a kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi malo a netiweki. Ngati wogulitsa akutumiza kuchuluka kochepa (monga, magawo ochepera 1,000 pamwezi) kapena akugwira ntchito m'misewu yayifupi kwambiri pansi pa makilomita 50, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa m'mabokosi opindika zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti zichepetse mtengo. Muzochitika izi, kulongedza komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena magalimoto olimba omwe alipo kale kungakhale kokwanira kwakanthawi.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pa mapulogalamu ambiri otumiza zinthu zoposa 10,000 pamwezi m'madera osiyanasiyana kapena m'mayiko ena, kusintha kupita ku zotengera zokulungika ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ma OEM ayenera kulamula kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zokulungika zomwe zimayikidwa m'malangizo awo operekera zinthu kuti atsimikizire kuti zikutsatira malamulo a netiweki yonse. Opereka zinthu okwana, nawonso, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kuti akambirane bwino za katundu ndikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwawo ku zolinga za OEM zokhazikika komanso zopangira zinthu zosasunthika.

Pomaliza, deta ikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti mabokosi olimba achikhalidwe salinso okonzeka kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso malo omwe akuchitika chifukwa cha kupanga magalimoto amakono. Mwa kuyika ndalama mu makina olemera opindika okhala ndi ziwiya zambiri, omwe ali ndi gawo m'magalimoto amatha kuchotsa zinyalala m'maukonde awo obwerera m'mbuyo, kuteteza zida zamtengo wapatali, ndikupanga unyolo wopereka katundu wolimba komanso wotsika mtengo womwe ungathandize mbadwo wotsatira wa kupanga magalimoto.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri komanso zifukwa zomveka zokonzera zotengera zazikulu zopindika zamagalimoto
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

N’chifukwa chiyani zotengera zazikulu zopindika zili bwino kuposa mabokosi achikhalidwe mu kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto?

Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanda kanthu ndi nthawi 3-4, amachepetsa mtengo wonyamula katundu, amawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito malo m'mbali mwa msewu, komanso amateteza ziwalo zina bwino kuposa matabwa kapena mabokosi olemera achitsulo.

Ndi ziwalo ziti zamagalimoto zomwe zimakwanira bwino m'mabotolo akuluakulu opindika?

Zimagwira ntchito bwino pazigawo zapakati mpaka zazikulu, ma subassemblies, ndi ma dunnage pack omwe amabwezedwa, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimasuntha mobwerezabwereza pakati pa ogulitsa ndi mafakitale a OEM.

Kodi zotengera zopindika zimathandiza bwanji kutumiza kwa JIT ndi JIS?

Mapazi awo okhazikika amathandiza ma AGV, ma forklift, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kusamalira ziwalo mosalekeza, kuchepetsa kulongedzanso, kusunga malo pansi, komanso kusunga kubwezeretsanso mbali ya mzere wolumikizirana.

Kodi zotengera zazikulu zopindika zimagwirizana ndi zida zodziwika bwino zoyendetsera magalimoto?

Inde. Magalimoto nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti azitsatira mapazi wamba monga 1200x1000mm kapena 1200x800mm ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma forklift, AS/RS, ndi machitidwe ambiri oyendetsera okha.

Kodi ogula ayenera kuyang'ana chiyani asanasankhe chidebe chachikulu chopindika?

Tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwa katundu, kutalika kopindidwa, malo opondapo, mphamvu yoyika zinthu, njira zosungiramo zinthu, kukonza bwino, komanso kugwirizana ndi ziwalo zanu, ma racks, ma forklift, ndi makina odzichitira okha.